NINFEA project

Study design

NINFEA is an internet-based multi-purpose mother-child cohort ⁱ set up to investigate the effects of exposures acting during pre-natal and early post-natal life on infant, child and adult health.

Members of the cohort are all babies born to women who:

have access to the internet,
have enough knowledge of the Italian language to complete the online questionnaires,
become aware of the study,
volunteer to participate.

Women are recruited during pregnancy. To participate they register at the study website and complete a baseline online questionnaire (Q1).

Participants complete three main online questionnaires :

during pregnancy (Q1),
6 months after delivery (Q2),
18 months after delivery (Q3).

The questionnaires include questions on the mother and/or the child on several exposures and some outcomes, including environmental exposures (passive smoking, traffic, residential history, maternal occupation and occupational exposures, noise, dampness), reproductive factors, medical history, anthropometrical measures, diet, supplements, health status, asthma, growth, ecc.

Women are invited via email, telephone or mail to complete the Q2 and Q3 questionnaires.

Follow-up is conducted using both active and passive methods. Starting at age 4 of the child, specific outcomes are assessed via ad hoc short online questionnaires.

Currently the follow-up questionnaires are at 4, 7 and 10 years of the child. Passive follow-up involves linkage with available population registries, including the Hospital Inpatient Registry, the Birth Registry, the Cancer Registry, ecc.

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ⁱ A cohort study is an investigation in which a group of individuals (the cohort) is identified and prospectively followed over time to detect health related events.

Publications

Silva W, Avraam D, Cederkvist L, Nader JL, Popovic M, Marroun HE, Harris JR, Richiardi L, Tiemeier H, Cadman TJ, Jaekel J, Nybo Andersen AM, Kajantie E, Sebert S. Internalising and externalising behaviour in siblings of children born preterm Preterm birth: Internalising and externalising behaviour of siblings. PLOS Ment Health 2025;2(6): e0000334. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000334.
Costanza Pizzi Follow-up response rates 2025.
Pinot de Moira A, Aurup AV, Avraam D, Zugna D, Jensen AKG, Welten M, Cadman T, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Duijts L, Elhakeem A, Esplugues A, Garcia-Aymerich J, García-Baquero G, González Safont L, Harris JR, Iñiguez C, Jaddoe VWV, McEachan RRC, Nader JLT, Santa Marina L, Swertz MA, Tafflet M, Vrijheid M, Wright J, Yang TC, Taylor-Robinson D, Richiardi L, Nybo Andersen AM. Understanding Social Inequalities in Childhood Asthma: Quantifying the Mediating Role of Modifiable Early-Life Risk Factors in Seven European Birth Cohorts. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2025;S2213-2198(25)00205-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2025.02.032. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40314625.
Silvia Maritano Climate Change and Child Health: a Lifecourse Perspective Scuola Universitaria Superiore Pavia 2025;Tesi di dottorato in Sustainable Development and Climate change..
Maritano S, Richiardi L, Quaglia S, Rusconi F, Maule M, Moirano G. Exposure to climate change-related extreme events in the first year of life and occurrence of infant wheezing. Environ Int 2025;196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109303.
Pretorius RA, Avraam D, Guxens M, Julvez J, Harris JR, Nader JT, Cadman T, Elhakeem A, Strandberg-Larsen K, Marroun HE, Defina S, Yang TC, McEachan R, Wright J, Ibarluzea J, Santa-Marina L, Delgado JM, Rebagliato M, Charles MA, Vainqueur C, Maritano S, Zugna D, Yuan WL, Heude B, Huang RC. Is maternal diabetes during pregnancy associated with neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcomes in children? Insights from individual participant data meta-analysis in ten birth cohorts. BMC Pediatr 2025;25(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05365-y. PMID: 39885386; PMCID: PMC11783732..
d'Errico A, Popovic M, Pizzi C, Moirano G, Moccia C, Richiardi L, Maule M. Maternal occupational exposures during early stages of pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in the NINFEA birth-cohort. PLoS One 2025;20(1):e0313085.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0313085.PMID: 39808632.
Budin-Ljøsne I, Fredheim NAG, Jevne CA, Milanovic Kleven B, Charles MA, Felix JF, Flaig R, Paz García M, Havdahl A, Islam S, Kerr SM, Meder IK, Molloy L, Morton SMB, Pizzi C, Rahman A, Willemsen G, Wood D, Harris JR. Participant engagement and involvement in longitudinal cohort studies: qualitative insights from a selection of pregnancy and birth, twin, and family-based population cohort studies BMC Med Res Methodol 2024;vol. 24, art. 297; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-024-02419-8.
Pizzi C, Moirano G, Moccia C, Maule M, D'Errico A, Vrijheid M, Cadman TJ, Fossati S, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Beneito A, Calas L, Duijts L, Elhakeem A, Harris JR, Heude B, Jaddoe V, Lawlor DA, Lioret S, McEachan R RC, Nader JL, Pedersen M, Pinot de Moira A, Strandberg- Larsen K, Subiza-Pérez M, Vafeiadi, Welten M, Wright J, Yang TC, Richiardi L. Socioeconomic position during pregnancy and pre-school exposome in children from eight European birth cohort studies Social Science & Medicine 2024;vol. 359 October 2024, 117275.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117275.
Chiara Moccia Methods for Machine Learning and Causal Inference in Medicine Università degli Studi di Torino 2024;Tesi di dottorato in Fisiopatologia Medica.
Bua A, Moirano G, Pizzi C, Rusconi F, Migliore E, Richiardi L, Popovic M. Maternal antenatal mental health and its associations with perinatal outcomes and the use of healthcare services in children from the NINFEA birth cohort study Eur J Pediatr 2024;doi: 10.1007/s00431-024-05525-3.
Costanza Pizzi Follow-up response rates 2024.
Cadman T, Strandberg-Larsen K, Calas L, Christiansen M, Culpin I, Dadvand P, de Castro M, Foraster M, Fossati S, Guxens M, Harris J, Hillegers M, Jaddoe V, Lee Y, Lepeule J, el Marroun H, Maule M, McEachen R, Moccia C, Nader J, Pedersen M. Urban environment in pregnancy and postpartum depression: An individual participant data meta-analysis of 12 European birth cohorts Environ Int 2024;185:108453. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108453.
Cadman T, Elhakeem A, Lerbech Vinther J, Avraam D, Paula Carrasco, Calas L, Cardo M, Charles MA, Corpeleijn E, Crozier S, de Castro M, Estarlich M, Fernandes A, Fossatti S, Gruszfeld D, Gurlich K, Grote V, Haakma S, Harris JR, Heude B, Rae-Chi Huang, Ibarluzea J, Inskip H, Jaddoe V, Koletzko B, Luque V, Manios Y, Moirano G, Moschonis G, Nader J, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Nybo Andersen AM, McEachen R, Pinot de Moira A, Popovic M, Roumeliotaki T, Salika T, Santa Marina L, Santos S, Serbert S, Tzorovili E, Vafeiadi M, Verduci E, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Welten M, Wright J, Yang TC, Zugna D, Lawlor D. Associations of Maternal Educational Level, Proximity to Greenspace During Pregnancy, and Gestational Diabetes With Body Mass Index From Infancy to Early Adulthood: A Proof-of-Concept Federated Analysis in 18 Birth Cohorts Am J Epidemiol 2023;Oct 19:kwad206. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwad206.
Moirano G, Pizzi C, Rusconi F, Maule M, Richiardi L, Popovic M. Family socioeconomic position and changes in planned health care for children with chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy Front Public Health 2023;2023(11). doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1174118.
Nader JL, López-Vicente M, Julvez J, Guxens M, Cadman T, Elhakeem A, Järvelin MR, Rautio N, Miettunen J, El Marroun H, Melchior M, Heude B, Charles MA, Yang TC, McEachan RRC, Wright J, Polanska K, Carson J, Lin A, Rauschert S, Huang RC, Popovic M, Richiardi L, Corpeleijn E, Cardol M, Mikkola TM, Eriksson JG, Salika T, Inskip H, Vinther JL, Strandberg-Larsen K, Gürlich K, Grote V, Koletzko B, Vafeiadi M, Sunyer J, Jaddoe VWV, Harris JR. Measures of Early-life Behavior and Later Psychopathology in the LifeCycle Project - EU Child Cohort Network: A Cohort Description. J Epidemiol 2023;33(6):321-331. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20210241.
Boccia D, Maritano S, Pizzi C, Richiardi MG, Lioret S, Richardi L. The impact of income-support interventions on life course risk factors and health outcomes during childhood: a systematic review in high income countries. BMC Public Health 2023;23(1):744. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15595-x.
Costanza Pizzi Follow-up response rates 2023.
Moccia C, Pizzi C, Moirano G, Popovic M, Zugna D, d'Errico A, Isaevska E, Fossati S, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Fariselli P, Sanavia T, Richiardi L, Maule M. Modelling socioeconomic position as a driver of the exposome in the first 18 months of life of the NINFEA birth cohort children. Environ Int 2023;173:107864. doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.107864.
Vinther JL, Cadman T, Avraam D, Ekstrøm CT, Sørensen TIA, A Elhakeem, Santos AC, Pinot de Moira A, Heude B, Iñiguez C, Pizzi C, Simons E, Voerman E,Corpeleijn E, Zariouh F, Santorelli G, Inskip HM, Barros H, Carson J, Harris JR, Nader JL, Ronkainen J, Strandberg-Larsen K, Santa-Marina L, Calas L, Cederkvist L, Popovic M, M-A Charles, Welten M, Vrijheid M, Azad M, Subbarao P, Burton P, Mandhane PJ,HuangRC, WilsonRC, Haakma S, Fernández-Barrés S, Turvey S, Santos S, Tough SC, Sebert S, Moraes TJ, Salika T, Jaddoe VWV, DA Lawlor, Nybo Andersen A-M. Gestational age at birth and body size from infancy through adolescence: An individual participant data meta-analysis on 253,810 singletons in 16 birth cohort studies. PLoS Med 2023;doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004036.
Zugna D, Popovic M, Fasanelli F, Heude B, Scelo G, Richiardi L. Applied causal inference methods for sequential mediators. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022;22(1):301. doi: 10.1186/s12874-022-01764-w.
Torres Toda M, Avraam D, Cadman TJ, Fossati S, de Castro M, Dedele A, Donovan G, Elhakeem A, Estarlich M, Fernandes A, Gonçalves R, Grazuleviciene R, Harris JR, Harskamp-van Ginkel MW, Heude B, Ibarluzea J, Iñiguez C, Jaddoe VWV, Lawlor D, Lertxundi A, Lepeule J, McEachan R, Moirano G, Nader JLT, Nybo Andersen A-M, Pedersen M, Pizzi C, Roumeliotaki T, Santos S, Sunyer J, Yang T, Vafeiadi M, Vrijkotte TGM, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Vrijheid M, Foraster M, Dadvand P. Exposure to natural environments during pregnancy and birth outcomes in 11 european birth cohorts. Environ Int 2022;170:107648. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107648.
Elhakeem A, Taylor AE, Inskip HM, Huang J, Tafflet M, Vinther JL, Asta F, Erkamp JS, Gagliardi L, Guerlich K, Halliday J, Harskamp-van Ginkel MW, He J-R, Jaddoe VWV, Lewis S, GM Maher, Manios Y, Mansell T, McCarthy FP, McDonald SW, Medda E, Nisticò L, Pinot de Moira A, Popovic M, Reiss IKM, Rodrigues C, Salika T, Smith A, Stazi MA, Walker C, Wu M, Åsvold BO, Barros H, Brescianini S, Burgner D, Chan JKY, Charles M-A, Eriksson JG, Gaillard R, Grote V, Håberg SE, Heude B, Koletzko B, Morton S, Moschonis G, Murray D, O'Mahony D, Porta D, Qiu X, Richiardi L, Rusconi F, Saffery R, Tough SC, Vrijkotte TGM, Nelson SM, Nybo Andersen A-M, Magnus MC, Lawlor DA, Assisted Reproductive Technology and Future Health (ART-Health) Cohort Collaboration. Association of Assisted Reproductive Technology With Offspring Growth and Adiposity From Infancy to Early Adulthood. JAMA Netw Open 2022;DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.22106.
Van Meel ER, Mensink-Bout SM, den Dekker HT, Ahluwalia TS, Annesi-Maesano I, Arshad SH, Baïz N, Barros H, von Berg A, Bisgaard H, Bønnelykke K, Carlsson CJ, Casas M, Chatzi L, Chevrier C, Dalmeijer G, Dezateux C, Duchen K, Eggesbø M, van der Ent C, Fantini M, Flexeder C, Frey U, Forastiere F, Gehring U, Gori D, Granell R, Griffiths LJ, Inskip H, Jerzynska J, Karvonen AM, Keil T, Kelleher C, Kogevinas M, Koppen G, Kuehni CE, Lambrechts N, Lau S, Lehmann I, Ludvigsson J, Magnus MC, Mélen E, Mehegan J, Mommers M, Nybo Andersen AM, Nystad W, Pedersen ESL, Pekkanen J, Peltola V, Pike KC, Pinot de Moira A, Pizzi C, Polanska K, Popovic M, Porta D, Roberts G, Santos AC, Schultz ES, Standl M, Sunyer J, Thijs C, Toivonen L, Uphoff E, Usemann J, Vafeidi M, Wright J, de Jongste JC, Jaddoe VWV, Duijts L. Early-life respiratory tract infections and the risk of school-age lower lung function and asthma: a meta-analysis of 150.000 European children. European Respiratory Journal 2022;doi:10.1183/13993003.02395-2021.
Maritano S, Moirano G, Popovic M, D'Errico A, Rusconi F, Maule M, Richiardi L. Maternal pesticides exposure in pregnancy and the risk of wheezing in infancy: A prospective cohort study Environ Int 2022;163:107229.
Pinot de Moira A, Strandberg-Larsen K, Bishop T, Pedersen M, Avraam D, Cadman T, Calas L, Casas M, de Lauzon Guillain B, Elhakeem A, Esplugues A, Estarlich M, Foong RE, Haakma S, Harris JR, Huang RC, Inskip H, Lertxundi A, Mensink-Bout SM, Nader JLT, PhD, Pizzi C, Popovic M, Salika T, Sunyer J, Van Meel ER, Swertz MA, Jaddoe VWV, Burton P, Duijts L, Nybo Andersen AM. Associations of early-life pet ownership with asthma and allergic sensitization: a metaanalysis of >77,000 children from the EU Child Cohort Network. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022 Feb 9 2022;S0091-6749(22)00149-X.
Costanza Pizzi Follow-up response rates 2022.
Serena Martire PM20D1 DNA methylation in saliva of pre-school children is associated to childhood respiratory outcomes. Università degli Studi di Torino 2021;Tesi di specializzazione in Statistica sanitaria e Biometria.
Rasella D, Richiardi L, Brachowicz N, Jara HX, Hanson M, Boccia D, Richiardi MG, Pizzi C. Developing an integrated microsimulation model for the impact of fiscal policies on child health in Europe: the example of childhood obesity in Italy. BMC Med 2021;doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-02155-6.
Popovic M, Moccia C, Isaevska E, Moirano G, Pizzi C, Zugna D, Rusconi F, Merletti F, Maule M, Richiardi L. COVID-19-like symptoms and their relation to the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in children and adults of an Italian birth cohort. Epidemiol Prev 2021;https://doi.org/10.19191/EP21.6.093.
Ubalde-Lopez M, Garani-Papadatos T, Scelo G, Casas M, Lissåker C, Peters S, Nohr EA, Albin M, Lucas R, Papantoniou K, Polanska K, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Šarac J, Selander J, Skröder H, Vasileiou E, Kogevinas M, Bültmann U, Mehlum IS, Maule M. Working life, health and well-being of parents: a joint effort to uncover hidden treasures in European birth cohorts. Scand J Work Environ Health 2021;3980. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3980.
Taylor K, Elhakeem A, Thorbjørnsrud Nader JL, Yang TC, Isaevska E, Richiardi L, Vrijkotte T, Pinot de Moira A, Murray DM, Finn D, Mason D, Wright J, Oddie S, Roeleveld N, Harris JR, Nybo Andersen AM, Caputo M, Lawlor DA. Effect of Maternal Prepregnancy/Early-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Pregnancy Smoking and Alcohol on Congenital Heart Diseases: A Parental Negative Control Study. JAHA 2021;https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.020051.
Pinot de Moira A, Haakma S, Strandberg-Larsen K, van Enckevort E, Kooijman M, Cadman T, Cardol M, Corpeleijn E, Crozier S, Duijts L, Elhakeem A, Eriksson J, Felix J, Fernández-Barrés S, Foong R, Forhan A, Grote V, Guerlich K, Heude B, Huang RC, Järvelin MR, Jørgensen AC, Mikkola T, Nader J, Pedersen M, Popovic M, Rautio N, Richiardi L, Ronkainen J, Roumeliotaki T, Salika T, Sebert S, Vinther J, Voerman E, Vrijheid M, Wright J, Yang T, Zariouh F, Charles MA, Inskip H, Jaddoe V, Swertz M, Nybo Andersen AM. The EU Child Cohort Network’s core data: establishing a set of findable, accessible, interoperable and re-usable (FAIR) variables. Eur J Epidemiol 2021;doi: 10.1007/s10654-021-00733-9.
Moccia C, Popovic M, Isaevska E, Fiano V, Trevisan M, Rusconi F, Polidoro S, Richiardi L. Birthweight DNA methylation signatures in infant saliva. Clin Epigenet 2021;13, 57.
Elena Isaevska Gestational exposures and their association with newborn molecular markers and early childhood outcomes. Università degli Studi di Torino 2021;Tesi di dottorato in Scienze biomediche e Oncologia.
Pizzi C, Popovic M, Isaevska E, Rusconi F, Moirano G, Merletti F, Richiardi L. Socioeconomic inequalities in reproductive outcomes in the Italian NINFEA birth cohort and the Piedmont Birth Registry. Epidemiol Prev 2020;44(5-6) Suppl 1:136-141.
Moccia C, Popovic M, Isaevska E, Moirano G, Pizzi C, Rusconi F, Merletti F, Maule MM, Richiardi L. Factors associated with self-perceived knowledge of COVID-19: a study among women from the NINFEA birth cohort. Epidemiol Prev 2020;44(5-6) Suppl 2:364-368.
Moccia C, Popovic M, Isaevska E, Moirano G, Pizzi C, Rusconi F, Merletti F, Maule MM, Richiardi L. Fattori associati alla conoscenza autopercepita sul COVID-19: uno studio condotto tra le donne appartenenti alla coorte di nascita NINFEA. XLIV Congresso AIE - Associazione Italiana di Epidemiologia 2020.
Carla Debernardi Maternal thyroid dysfunctions and early childhood respiratory disorders. Università degli Studi di Torino 2020;Tesi di specializzazione in Statistica sanitaria e Biometria.
Silvia Maritano Esposizione materna ai pesticidi in gravidanza e salute respiratoria del bambino: uno studio prospettico di coorte. Università degli Studi di Torino 2020;Tesi di laurea magistrale in Medicina e Chirurgia.
Luca Palmentieri Relazione tra asilo nido e salute nei bambini. Università degli Studi di Torino 2020;Tesi di laurea magistrale in Metodi statistici ed economici per le decisioni.
Philips EM, Santos S, Trasande L, Aurrekoetxea JJ, Barros H, von Berg A, Bergström A, Bird PK, Brescianini S, Chaoimh CN, Charles MA, Chatzi L, Chevrier C, Chrousos GP, Costet N, Criswell R, Crozier S, Eggesbø M, Fantini MP, Farchi S, Forastiere F, van Gelder MMHJ, Georgiu V, Godfrey KM, Gori D, Hanke W, Heude B, Hryhorczuk D, Iñiguez C, Inskip H, Karvonen AM, Kenny LC, Kull I, Lawlor DA, Lehmann I, Magnus P, Manios Y, Melén E, Mommers M, Morgen CS, Moschonis G, Murray D, Nohr EA, Nybo Andersen AM, Oken E, Oostvogels AJJM, Papadopoulou E, Pekkanen J, Pizzi C, Polanska K, Porta D, Richiardi L, Rifas-Shiman SL, Roeleveld N, Rusconi F, Santos AC, Sørensen TIA, Standl M, Stoltenberg C, Sunyer J, Thiering E, Thijs C, Torrent M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wright J, Zvinchuk O, Gaillard R, Jaddoe VWV. Changes in parental smoking during pregnancy and risks of adverse birth outcomes and childhood overweight in Europe and North America: An individual participant data meta-analysis of 229,000 singleton births. PLoS Med 2020;17(8):e1003182.
Jaddoe VWV, Felix JF, Nybo Andersen AM, Charles MA, Chatzi L, Corpeleijn, Donner N, Elhakeem A, Eriksson JG, Foong R, Grote V, Haakma S, Hanson M, Harris JR, Heude B, Huang RC, Inskip H, Järvelin MR, Koletzko B, Lawlor DA, Lindeboom M, McEachan RRC, Mikkola TM, Nader JLT, Pinot de Moira A, Pizzi C, Richiardi L, Sebert S, Schwalber A, Sunyer J, Swertz MA, Vafeiadi M, Vrijeid M, Wringht J, Duijts L, LifeCycle Project Group. The LifeCycle Project-EU Child Cohort Network: a federated analysis infrastructure and harmonized data of more than 250,000 children and parents. Eur J Epidemiol 2020;doi: 10.1007/s10654-020-00662-z.
Popovic M, Fiano V, Isaevska E, Moccia C, Trevisan M, Rusconi F, De Marco L, Polidoro S, Merletti F, Pizzi C, Richiardi L. Determination of saliva epigenetic age in infancy, and its association with parental socio-economic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020;1-9.
Isaevska E, Popovic M, Pizzi C, Fiano V, Rusconi F, Merletti F, Richiardi L, Maule M. Maternal antibiotic use and vaginal infections in the third trimester of pregnancy and the risk of obesity in preschool children. Pediatric Obesity 2020.
Pizzi C, Richiardi M, Charles MA, Heude B, Lanoe JL, Lioret S, Brescianini S, Toccaceli V, Vrijheid M, Merletti F, Zugna D, Richiardi L. Measuring Child Socio-Economic Position in Birth Cohort Research: The Development of a Novel Standardized Household Income Indicator. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020.
Maja Popovic Unravelling the developmental origins of early childhood wheezing disorders. Università degli Studi di Torino 2019;Tesi di dottorato in Scienze biomediche e Oncologia.
Costanza Pizzi Follow-up response rates 2019.
LifeCycle Project-Maternal Obesity and Childhood Outcomes Study Group. Association of gestational weight gain with adverse maternal and infant outcomes. JAMA 2019;7:1702-1715;doi:10.1001/2019.3820.
Richiardi L, Pearce N, Pagano E, Di Cuonzo D, Zugna D, Pizzi C. Baseline selection on a collider: a ubiquitous mechanism occurring in both representative and selected cohort studies. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019;73:475-480.
Santos S, Voerman E, Amiano P, Barros H, Beilin LJ, Bergström A, Charles MA, Chatzi L, Chevrier C, Chrousos GP, Corpeleijn E, Costa O, Costet N, Crozier S, Devereux G, Doyon M, Eggesbø M, Fantini MP, Farchi S, Forastiere F, Georgiu V, Godfrey KM, Gori D, Grote V, Hanke W, Hertz-Picciotto I, Heude B, Hivert MF, Hryhorczuk D, Huang RC, Inskip H, Karvonen AM, Kenny LC, Koletzko B, Küpers LK, Lagström H, Lehmann I, Magnus P, Majewska R, Mäkelä J, Manios Y, McAuliffe FM, McDonald SW, Mehegan J, Melén E, Mommers M, Morgen CS, Moschonis G, Murray D, Chaoimh CN, Nohr EA, Nybo Andersen AM, Oken E, Oostvogels AJJM, Pac A, Papadopoulou E, Pekkanen J, Pizzi C, Polanska K, Porta D, Richiardi L, Rifas-Shiman SL, Roeleveld N, Ronfani L, Santos AC, Standl M, Stigum H, Stoltenberg C, Thiering E, Thijs C, Torrent M, Tough SC, Trnovec T, Turner S, van Gelder MMHJ, van Rossem L, von Berg A, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, West J, Wijga AH, Wright J, Zvinchuk O, Sørensen TIA, Lawlor DA, Gaillard R, Jaddoe VWV. Impact of maternal body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy complications: An individual participant data meta-analysis of European, North American and Australian cohorts. BJOG 2019;doi:10.1111/1471-0528.15661.
Voerman E, Santos S, Patro Golab B, Amiano P, Ballester F, Barros H, Bergström A, Charles MA, Chatzi L, Chevrier C, Chrousos GP, Corpeleijn E, Costet N, Crozier S, Devereux G, Eggesbø M, Ekström S, Fantini MP, Farchi S, Forastiere F, Georgiu V, Godfrey KM, Gori D, Grote V, Hanke W, Hertz-Picciotto I, Heude B, Hryhorczuk D, Huang RC, Inskip H, Iszatt N, Karvonen AM, Kenny LC, Koletzko B, Küpers LK, Lagström H, Lehmann I, Magnus P, Majewska R, Mäkelä J, Manios Y, McAuliffe FM, McDonald SW, Mehegan J, Mommers M, Morgen CS, Mori TA, Moschonis G, Murray D, Chaoimh CN, Nohr EA, Nybo Andersen AM, Oken E, Oostvogels AJJM, Pac A, Papadopoulou E, Pekkanen J, Pizzi C, Polanska K, Porta D, Richiardi L, Rifas-Shiman SL, Ronfani L, Santos AC, Standl M, Stoltenberg C, Thiering E, Thijs C, Torrent M, Tough SC, Trnovec T, Turner S, van Rossem L, von Berg A, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, West J, Wijga A, Wright J, Zvinchuk O, Sørensen TIA, Lawlor DA, Gaillard R, Jaddoe VWV. Maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, and the risk of overweight and obesity across childhood: An individual participant data meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2019;16:e1002744.
Popovic M, Fiano V, Fasanelli F, Trevisan M, Grasso C, Assumma MB, Gillio-Tos A, Polidoro S, De Marco L, Rusconi F, Merletti F, Zugna D, Richiardi L. Differentially methylated DNA regions in early childhood wheezing: an epigenome-wide study using saliva. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019;doi:10.1111/pai.13023.
Blumenberg C, Zugna D, Popovic M, Pizzi C, Barros AJD, Richiardi L. Questionnaire breakoff and item nonresponse in web-based questionnaires: multilevel analysis of person-level and item design factors in a birth cohort. J Med Internet Res 2018;20:e11046.
Santos S, Eekhout I, Voerman E, Gaillard R, Barros H, Charles MA, Chatzi L, Chevrier C, Chrousos GP, Corpeleijn E, Costet N, Crozier S, Doyon M, Eggesbø M, Fantini MP, Farchi S, Forastiere F, Gagliardi L, Georgiu V, Godfrey KM, Gori D, Grote V, Hanke W, Hertz-Picciotto I, Heude B, Hivert MF, Hryhorczuk D, Huang RC, Inskip H, Jusko TA, Karvonen AM, Koletzko B, Küpers LK, Lagström H, Lawlor DA, Lehmann I, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Magnus P, Majewska R, Mäkelä J, Manios Y, McDonald SW, Mommers M, Morgen CS, Moschonis G, Murínová Ľ, Newnham J, Nohr EA, Andersen AN, Oken E, Oostvogels AJJM, Pac A, Papadopoulou E, Pekkanen J, Pizzi C, Polanska K, Porta D, Richiardi L, Rifas-Shiman SL, Roeleveld N, Santa-Marina L, Santos AC, Smit HA, Sørensen TIA, Standl M, Stanislawski M, Stoltenberg C, Thiering E, Thijs C, Torrent M, Tough SC, Trnovec T, van Gelder MMHJ, van Rossem L, von Berg A, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Zvinchuk O, van Buuren S, Jaddoe VWV. Gestational weight gain charts for different body mass index groups for women in Europe, North America, and Oceania. BMC Med 2018;16:201.
Costanza Pizzi Follow-up response rates 2018.
Patro Golab B, Santos S, Voerman E, Lawlor DA, Jaddoe VWV, Gaillard R; MOCO Study Group Authors. Influence of maternal obesity on the association between common pregnancy complications and risk of childhood obesity: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2018;2:812-821.
Richiardi L, Popovic M, Zugna D, Rusconi F, Merletti F, Pizzi C. Comunicare i dati della coorte italiana di nuovi nati NINFEA Epidemiol Prev 2018;42:121-126.
Popovic M, Pizzi C, Rusconi F, Gagliardi L, Galassi C, Trevisan M, Merletti F, Richiardi L. The role of maternal anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa before and during pregnancy in early childhood wheezing: findings from the NINFEA birth cohort study. Int J Eat Disord 2018;51:842-851.
Vizzini L, Popovic M, Zugna D, Vitiello B, Trevisan M, Pizzi C, Rusconi F, Gagliardi L, Merletti F, Richiardi L. Maternal anxiety, depression and sleep disorders before and during pregnancy, and preschool ADHD symptoms in the NINFEA birth cohort study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2018;Apr 18:1-11.
Popovic M, Fasanelli F, Fiano V, Biggeri A, Richiardi L. Increased correlation between methylation sites in epigenome-wide replication studies: impact on analysis and results Epigenomics 2017;9:1489-1502.
Popovic M, Pizzi C, Rusconi F, Gagliardi L, Galassi C, Trevisan M, Merletti F, Richiardi L. The role of maternal bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa before and during pregnancy in early childhood wheezing. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2017;8(s1): S1-S449. (10th World Congress 15-18 October 2017 Rotterdam, The Netherlands).
Strandberg-Larsen K, Poulsen G, Bech BH, Chatzi L, Cordier S, Dale MTG, Fernandez M, Henriksen TB, Jaddoe VW, Kogevinas M, Kruithof CJ, Lindhard MS, Magnus P, Nohr EA, Richiardi L, Rodriguez-Bernal CL, Rouget F, Rusconi F, Vrijheid M, Andersen AN. Association of light-to-moderate alcohol drinking in pregnancy with preterm birth and birth weight: elucidating bias by pooling data from nine European cohorts. Eur J Epidemiol 2017;32:751-764.
Rusconi F, Zugna D, Annesi-Maesano I, Baïz N, Barros H, Correia S, Duijts L, Forastiere F, Inskip H, Kelleher CC, Larsen PS, Mommers M, Andersen AN, Penders J, Pike K, Porta D, Sonnenschein-van der Voort A, Sunyer J, Torrent M, Viljoen K, Vrijheid M, Richiardi L, Galassi C. Mode of Delivery and Asthma at School Age in 9 European Birth Cohorts Am J Epidemiol 2017;185:465-473.
Stratakis N, Roumeliotaki T, Oken E, Ballester F, Barros H, Basterrechea M, Cordier S, de Groot R, den Dekker HT, Duijts L, Eggesbø M, Pia Fantini M, Forastiere F, Gehring U, Gielen M, Gori D, Govarts E, Inskip HM, Iszatt N, Jansen M, Kelleher C, Mehegan J, Moltó-Puigmartí C, Mommers M, Oliveira A, Olsen SF, Pelé F, Pizzi C, Porta D, Richiardi L, Rifas-Shiman SL, Robinson SM, Schoeters G, Strøm M, Sunyer J, Thijs C, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TG, Wijga AH, Kogevinas M, Zeegers MP, Chatzi L. Fish and seafood consumption during pregnancy and the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis in childhood: a pooled analysis of 18 European and US birth cohorts. Int J Epidemiol 2017;46:1465-1477.
Popovic M, Rusconi F, Zugna D, Galassi C, Merletti F, Migliore E, Trevisan M, Nannelli T, Gagliardi L, Richiardi L. Prenatal exposure to antibiotics and wheezing in infancy: a birth cohort study. Eur Respir J 2016;47:810-7.
Costanza Pizzi Follow-up response rates 2016.
Pizzi C, Popovic M, Ivaldi P, Brunetti F, Casalone U, Saccona F, Sassu O, Barcellari S, Rusconi F, Gagliardi L, Merletti F, Richiardi L. "Open" data nella coorte di nuovi nati NINFEA 2016;XL Congresso AIE - Associazione Italiana di Epidemiologia.
Popovic M, Zugna D, Galassi C, Rusconi F, Gagliardi L, Migliore E, Merletti F, Richiardi L. Prenatal exposure to chemical products, early indoor environment and wheezing and eczema in infancy 2016;28° Annual Conference ISEE - International Society for Environmental Epidemiology.
Vardavas CI, Hohmann C, Patelarou E, Martinez D, Henderson AJ, Granell R, Sunyer J, Torrent M, Fantini MP, Gori D, Annesi-Maesano I, Slama R, Duijts L, de Jongste JC, Aurrekoetxea JJ, Basterrechea M, Morales E, Ballester F, Murcia M, Thijs C, Mommers M, Kuehni CE, Gaillard EA, Tischer C, Heinrich J, Pizzi C, Zugna D, Gehring U, Wijga A, Chatzi L, Vassilaki M, Bergström A, Eller E, Lau S, Keil T, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Kogevinas M. The independent role of prenatal and postnatal exposure to active and passive smoking on the development of early wheeze in children. Eur Respir J 2016;48:115-24.
Popovic M, Pizzi C, Rusconi F, Galassi C, Gagliardi L, De Marco L, Migliore E, Merletti F, Richiardi L. Infant weight trajectories and early childhood wheezing: the NINFEA birth cohort study. Thorax 2016;71:1091-1096.
Birks L, Casas M, Garcia AM, Alexander J, Barros H, Bergström A, Bonde JP, Burdorf A, Costet N, Danileviciute A, Eggesbø M, Fernández MF, González-Galarzo MC, Gražulevičienė R, Hanke W, Jaddoe V, Kogevinas M, Kull I, Lertxundi A, Melaki V, Andersen AN, Olea N, Polanska K, Rusconi F, Santa-Marina L, Santos AC, Vrijkotte T, Zugna D, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Cordier S, Vrijheid M. Occupational Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Birth Weight and Length of Gestation: A European Meta-Analysis. Environ Health Perspect 2016;124:1785-1793.
Stratakis N, Roumeliotaki T, Oken E, Barros H, Basterrechea M, Charles MA, Eggesbø M, Forastiere F, Gaillard R, Gehring U, Govarts E, Hanke W, Heude B, Iszatt N, Jaddoe VW, Kelleher C, Mommers M, Murcia M, Oliveira A, Pizzi C, Polanska K, Porta D, Richiardi L, Rifas-Shiman SL, Schoeters G, Sunyer J, Thijs C, Viljoen K, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TG, Wijga AH, Zeegers MP, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L. Fish Intake in Pregnancy and Child Growth: A Pooled Analysis of 15 European and US Birth Cohorts. JAMA Pediatr 2016;170:381-90.
Maja Popovic Determinants of early childhood wheezing: prenatal antibiotics exposure and early growth patterns. Università degli Studi di Torino 2015;Tesi di Master in Epidemiologia.
Migliore E, Zugna D, Galassi C, Merletti F, Gagliardi L, Rasero L, Trevisan M, Rusconi F, Richiardi L. Prenatal Paracetamol Exposure and Wheezing in Childhood: Causation or Confounding? PLoS One 2015;10:e0135775.
Firestone R, Cheng S, Pearce N, Douwes J, Merletti F, Pizzi C, Pivetta E, Rusconi F, Richiardi L. Internet-based birth-cohort studies: is this the future for epidemiology? JMIR Res Protoc 2015;4:e71.
Casas M, Cordier S, Martínez D, Barros H, Bonde JP, Burdorf A, Costet N, Dos Santos AC, Danileviciute A, Eggesbø M, Fernandez M, Fevotte J, García AM, Gražuleviciene R, Hallner E, Hanke W, Kogevinas M, Kull I, Stemann Larsen P, Melaki V, Monfort C, Nordby KC, Nybo Andersen AM, Patelarou E, Polanska K, Richiardi L, Santa Marina L, Snijder C, Tardón A, van Eijsden M, Vrijkotte TG, Zugna D, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Vrijheid M. Maternal occupation during pregnancy, birth weight, and length of gestation: combined analysis of 13 European birth cohorts Scand J Work Environ Health 2015;41:384-96.
Richiardi L, Pizzi C, Rusconi F, Merletti F. EPICHANGE: Il progetto NINFEA e le nuove forme di coinvolgimento dei cittadini nella ricerca epidemiologica Epidemiol Prev 2015;39:14-18.
Poulsen G, Strandberg-Larsen K, Mortensen L, Barros H, Cordier S, Correia S, Danileviciute A, van Eijsden M, Fernández-Somoano A, Gehring U, Grazuleviciene R, Hafkamp-de Groen E, Henriksen TB, Jensen MS, Larrañaga I, Magnus P, Pickett K, Raat H, Richiardi L, Rouget F, Rusconi F, Stoltenberg C, Uphoff EP, Vrijkotte TG, Wijga AH, Vrijheid M, Osler M, Andersen AM. Exploring educational disparities in risk of preterm delivery: a comparative study of 12 European birth cohorts. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2015;29:172-83.
Zugna D, Galassi C, Annesi-Maesano I, Baïz N, Barros H, Basterrechea M, Correia S, Duijts L, Esplugues A, Fantini MP, Forastiere F, Gascon M, Gori D, Inskip H, Larsen PS, Mommers M, Nybo Andersen AM, Penders J, Petersen MS, Pike K, Porta D, Sonnenschein-van der Voort A, Steuerwald U, Sunyer J, Torrent M, Vrijheid M, Richiardi L, Rusconi F. Maternal complications in pregnancy and wheezing in early childhood: a pooled analysis of 14 birth cohorts. Int J Epidemiol 2015;44:199-208.
Popovic M, Pizzi C, Rusconi F, Galassi C, Merletti F, Richiardi L. Infant weight trajectories and early childhood wheezing: the NINFEA birth cohort study 2015;ERS International Congress.
Pizzi C, Pearce N, Richiardi L. Noncollapsibility in studies based on nonrepresentative samples. Ann Epidemiol 2015;25:955-8.
Pizzi C, Popovic M, Rusconi F, Merletti F, Richiardi L. Crescita antropometrica durante l'infanzia e salute del bambino 2014;XXXVIII Congresso AIE - Associazione Italiana di Epidemiologia.
Popovic M, Rusconi F, Zugna D, Galassi C, Gagliardi L, Merletti F, Migliore E, Richiardi L. Uso di antibiotici in gravidanza e wheezing nell'infanzia 2014;XXXVIII Congresso AIE - Associazione Italiana di Epidemiologia.
Bajardi P, Paolotti D, Vespignani A, Eames K, Funk S, Edmunds WJ, Turbelin C, Debin M, Colizza V, Smallenburg R, Koppeschaar C, Franco AO, Faustino V, Carnahan A, Rehn M, Merletti F, Douwes J, Firestone R, Richiardi L. Association between recruitment methods and attrition in internet-based studies. PLoS One 2014;9:e114925.
Sonnenschein-van der Voort AM, Arends LR, de Jongste JC, Annesi-Maesano I, Arshad SH, Barros H, Basterrechea M, Bisgaard H, Chatzi L, Corpeleijn E, Correia S, Craig LC, Devereux G, Dogaru C, Dostal M, Duchen K, Eggesbø M, van der Ent CK, Fantini MP, Forastiere F, Frey U, Gehring U, Gori D, van der Gugten AC, Hanke W, Henderson AJ, Heude B, Iñiguez C, Inskip HM, Keil T, Kelleher CC, Kogevinas M, Kreiner-Møller E, Kuehni CE, Küpers LK, Lancz K, Larsen PS, Lau S, Ludvigsson J, Mommers M, Nybo Andersen AM, Palkovicova L, Pike KC, Pizzi C, Polanska K, Porta D, Richiardi L, Roberts G, Schmidt A, Sram RJ, Sunyer J, Thijs C, Torrent M, Viljoen K, Wijga AH, Vrijheid M, Jaddoe VW, Duijts L. Preterm birth, infant weight gain, and childhood asthma risk: a meta-analysis of 147,000 European children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;133:1317-29.
Pizzi C, Cole T.J, Richiardi L, dos-Santos-Silvia I, Corvalan C, De Stavola B. Prenatal influences on size, velocity and tempo of infant growth: findings from three contemporary cohorts. PLoS One 2014;9:e90291.
Leventakou V, Roumeliotaki T, Martinez D, Barros H, Brantsaeter AL, Casas M, Charles MA, Cordier S, Eggesbø M, van Eijsden M, Forastiere F, Gehring U, Govarts E, Halldórsson TI, Hanke W, Haugen M, Heppe DH, Heude B, Inskip HM, Jaddoe VW, Jansen M, Kelleher C, Meltzer HM, Merletti F, Moltó-Puigmartí C, Mommers M, Murcia M, Oliveira A, Olsen SF, Pele F, Polanska K, Porta D, Richiardi L, Robinson SM, Stigum H, Strøm M, Sunyer J, Thijs C, Viljoen K, Vrijkotte TG, Wijga AH, Kogevinas M, Vrijheid M, Chatzi L. Fish intake during pregnancy, fetal growth, and gestational length in 19 European birth cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2014;99:506-16.
Costanza Pizzi Growth in infancy in three contemporary cohorts: selection bias and other methodological issues. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine 2013;Tesi di dottorato in Statistica medica.
Larsen PS, Kamper-Jørgensen M, Adamson A, Barros H, Bonde JP, Brescianini S,Brophy S, Casas M, Charles MA, Devereux G, Eggesbø M, Fantini MP, Frey U, Gehring U, Grazuleviciene R, Henriksen TB, Hertz-Picciotto I, Heude B, Hryhorczuk DO, Inskip H, Jaddoe VW, Lawlor DA, Ludvigsson J, Kelleher C, Kiess W, Koletzko B, Kuehni CE, Kull I, Kyhl HB, Magnus P, Momas I, Murray D, Pekkanen J, Polanska K, Porta D, Poulsen G, Richiardi L, Roeleveld N, Skovgaard AM, Sram RJ, Strandberg-Larsen K, Thijs C, Van Eijsden M, Wright J, Vrijheid M, Andersen AM. Pregnancy and birth cohort resources in Europe: a large opportunity for aetiological child health research. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2013;27:393-414.
Nannelli T, Rasero L, Montelatici V, Poggesi G, Richiardi L, Rusconi F. Il progetto Ninfea: l'esperienza in Toscana di uno studio di coorte nati con reclutamento on-line. L'infermiere. Notiziario Aggiornamenti Professionali. 2013;1.
Pizzi C, Cole TJ, Corvalan C, dos Santos Silva I, Richiardi L, De Stavola B. On modelling early life weight trajectories. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 2013;Series A, Statistics in Society, 177(2).
Richiardi L, Pivetta E, Merletti F. Recruiting study participants through Facebook. Epidemiology 2012;23:175.
Pizzi C, De Stavola BL, Pearce N, Lazzarato F, Ghiotti P, Merletti F, Richiardi L. Selection bias and patterns of confounding in cohort studies: the case of the NINFEA web-based birth cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 2012;66:976-81.
Vrijheid M, Casas M, Bergström A, Carmichael A, Cordier S, Eggesbø M, Eller E, Fantini MP, Fernández MF, Fernández-Somoano A, Gehring U, Grazuleviciene R, Hohmann C, Karvonen AM, Keil T, Kogevinas M, Koppen G, Krämer U, Kuehni C, Magnus P, Majewska R, Andersen AM, Patelarou E, Petersen MS, Pierik FH, Polanska K, Porta D, Richiardi L, Santos AC, Slama R, Sram RJ, Thijs C, Tischer C, Toft G, Trnovec T, Vandentorren S, Vrijkotte TG, Wilhelm M, Wright J, Nieuwenhuijsen M. European birth cohorts for environmental health research. Environ Health Perspect 2012;120:29-37.
Costanza Pizzi Validation of NINFEA birth data 2012.
Pizzi C, De Stavola B, Merletti F, Bellocco R, Dos Santos Silva I, Pearce N, Richiardi L. Sample selection and validity of exposure-disease association estimates in cohort studies. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011;65:407-11.
Richiardi L, Merletti F. Il progetto NINFEA, studio di coorte di nuovi nati in Italia: finalità, metodi e divulgazione. Donna & Donna, il Giornale delle Ostetriche 2008;62.
Richiardi L, Baussano I, Vizzini L, Douwes J, Pearce N, Merletti F. NINFEA cohort. Feasibility of recruiting a birth cohort through the Internet: the experience of the NINFEA cohort. Eur J Epidemiol 2007;22:831-7.
Richiardi L, Baussano I, Merletti F. Coorte di nuovi nati basata su Internet: il progetto NINFEA 2006;XXX Congresso Italiano di Epidemiologia - AIE.
Baussano I, Merletti F, Sassu O, Saccona F, Michelis M, Stralla S, Richiardi L. Web-based birth cohorts Eur J Epidemiol 2006;21:S124.
Richiardi L, Baussano I, Merletti F. Studi longitudinali di nuovi nati: utilizzare anche il Web? Epidemiol Prev 2005;29:56.

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Study protocol: Research protocol of the NINFEA project (v. 28/06/2024, EN)